Книги. Художественная литература. Учебники и пособия.

Carlos Broto

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Mortar is a workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fill the gaps between them. The blocks may be stone, brick, cinder blocks, etc. Mortar becomes hard when it sets, resulting in a rigid aggregate structure. Modern mortars are typically made from a mixture of sand, a binder such as cement or lime, and water. Mortar can also be used to fix, or point, masonry when the original mortar has washed away. The first mortars were made of mud and clay. Because of a lack of stone and an abundance of clay, Babylonian constructions were of baked brick, using lime or pitch for mortar. According to Roman Ghirshman, the first evidence of humans using a form of mortar was at the ziggurat of Sialk in Iran, built of sun-dried bricks in 2900 BC. The Chogha Zanbil Temple in Iran was built in about 1250 BC with kiln-fired bricks and a strong mortar of bitumen.

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Anscombe's quartet comprises four datasets that have identical simple statistical properties, yet appear very different when graphed. Each dataset consists of eleven (x,y) points. They were constructed in 1973 by the statistician F.J. Anscombe to demonstrate both the importance of graphing data before analyzing it and the effect of outliers on statistical properties. The first one (top left) seems to be distributed normally, and corresponds to what one would expect when considering two variables correlated and following the assumption of normality. The second one (top right) is not distributed normally; while an obvious relationship between the two variables can be observed, it is not linear, and the Pearson correlation coefficient is not relevant. In the third case (bottom left), the distribution is linear, but with a different regression line, which is offset by the one outlier which exerts enough influence to alter the...

W. P. Jackson

Accurate estimates are the foundation of a successful construction business. Leave an item out of your original estimate and it can take the profit out of your entire job. This practical guide to estimating home construction costs has been updated with digital Excel estimating forms and worksheets that ensure accurate and complete estimates for your residential projects. Load the enclosed CD-ROM into your computer and create your own estimate as you follow along with the step-by-step techniques in this book. Clear, simple instructions show how to estimate labor and material costs for each stage of construction, from site clearing to figuring your markup and profit. Every chapter includes a sample cost estimate worksheet that lists all the materials to be estimated. You will never miss an item again. On the CD all these worksheets are provided as Excel spreadsheets. The final chapter shows you how to figure your markup and profit to arrive at a sales price You will earn simple and...

The Big Four Bridge is an abandoned six-span railroad truss bridge that crosses the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky and Jeffersonville, Indiana, United States. It was completed in 1895, and updated in 1929. It has its largest span at 547 feet (167 m), for 2,525 feet (770 m) in total. It gets its name from the defunct Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, which was nicknamed the "Big Four Railroad". Access to the Big Four Bridge is currently limited, as the access ways onto the bridge for the general public were removed in 1969, earning the Big Four Bridge the nickname "Bridge That Goes Nowhere". The bridge is presently being converted into a bicycle/pedestrian crossing; the George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge downstream, which carries U.S. 31 across the river, is presently the only bridge allowing bicyclists and pedestrians travel between Louisville and its Indiana suburbs of New Albany, Clarksville, and Jeffersonville.

B. Kolarevic

This book addresses the emergence of a new kind of architecture, in which building performance is a guiding design principle, adopting new performance-based priorities for the design of cities, buildings, landscape and infrastructures. This emerging architecture places broadly defined performance above form making; it utilizes digital technologies of quantitative and qualitative performance-based simulation to offer a comprehensive approach to the design of the build environment. The emphasis on building performance is now redefining expectations of the building design, its process and practice. By bringing together the leading architects, engineers and technologists, the book will explore current and future developments in performance-based design. It is aimed at both professional and academic audiences and will cover a wide range of themes.

James L. Yarnall

Book DescriptionA comprehensive architectural history of America's greatest living architectural laboratory.

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ashburton Learning Village is a learning complex in Woodside, London. It stands in the London Borough of Croydon, and is located near Ashburton Park. The learning village includes the new Ashburton Library, Ashburton Community School, Croydon Music Service and a training centre. The complex was built after the old Ashburton Library was closed down. The nearest Tramlink stop is Woodside, for Tramlink routes 1 and 2. The centre is earmarked as Croydon's Flagship Learning Village. The ?20 million secondary school, library and community facilities is the borough's first education Private Finance Initiative (PFI) development. Photovoltaic cells integrated into clerestory glazing will cast dappled shadows along a three-storey central concourse running through the heart of the building. An overhanging roof canopy will provide shelter to the main public entrance. Energy minister Malcolm Wicks has praised the new development in Croydon, for its...

Andrea Oppenheimer Dean

Book Description"Everyone, rich or poor, deserves a shelter for the soul."?Samuel MockbeeBased on this simple premise, in 1992 Samuel Mockbee launched the Rural Studio to create homes and community buildings for the poor while offering hands-on architecture training for coming generations. Choosing impoverished Hale County, Alabama, for his bold experiment, Mockbee and his Auburn University students peppered this left-behind corner of the rural South with striking buildings ofexceptional design. Most use recycled and curious materials: hay bales, surplus tires, leftover carpet tiles, even discarded 1980 Chevy Caprice windshields. The publication of Rural Studio brought this innovative work to the public, and?five printings later?continues to affect the way people view architecture. Since Mockbee's death in 2001, the Rural Studio has continued to thrive, a tribute to its founder's vision. In 2004, the American Institute of Architects posthumously awarded Mockbee its...

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Astor Row is the name given to 130th Street between Fifth Avenue and Lenox Avenue in Harlem, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. More specifically, it refers to the semi-attached row houses on the south side of the street. These were among the first speculative townhouses built in Harlem, and their design is very unusual. The houses are set back from the street and all have front yards, an oddity in New York, and all have wooden porches. The effect is southern, and has been compared to the appearance of parts of Savannah, Georgia. The houses were built on land that had been purchased by John Jacob Astor in 1844 for $10,000, but the development was driven by his grandson, William Backhouse Astor, who hired architect and builder Charles Buek to oversee the project. The houses were all built between 1880 and 1883.