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Bailey W. Diffie, George D. Winius

No other people in history made such extensive geographical explorations as the Portuguese. During the course of the fifteenth century they were the first to reveal to Europe the unknown coast of West Africa, reaching and passing the Cape of Good Hope. They made the first all-water voyage from the West to the East in 1497-99. Cabral touched on Brazil en route to India in 1500. Many of the East Indies islands had been visited by Portuguese ships before Magellan began the first voyage around the world in 1519. Christopher Columbus largely learned his trade as navigator in Portugal. By the end of the sixteenth century the Portuguese flag was flying around the world. The question arises of why the small country of Portugal led the way in exploration in the fifteenth century. This volume provides not only a narrative of the spread of the Portuguese empire but new interpretations and analyses of the history, such as a discussion of how Portuguese power differed in Africa, India, and the Far...

Peter Roberts

The Shelf2Life Mines and Mining Collection is a unique set of materials focusing on the operation of mines, the mining industry and mineralogy in the 19th and 20th centuries. From first-hand accounts of life in the mines to descriptions of mine construction, excavation methods and machinery, to mine taxation and determinative mineralogy, this collection reveals the science and culture of the thriving mining industry pre-1923. Illuminating the pages of these intriguing volumes are rock and mineral photographs and mineral classification tables including chemical tests and scientific experiments written during a period of significant expansion in the discipline of mineralogy. The Mines and Mining Collection unearths a period of early historical mining practices and related scientific discoveries of value to enthusiasts, students and mineralogists alike.

Kevin E. Smith, James V. Miller

When European explorers began their initial forays into southeastern North America in the 16th and 17th centuries they encountered what they called temples and shrines of native peoples, often decorated with idols in human form made of wood, pottery, or stone. The idols were fascinating to write about, but having no value to explorers searching for gold or land, there are no records of these idols being transported to the Old World, and mention of them seems to cease about the 1700s. However, with the settling of the fledgling United States in the 1800s, farming colonists began to unearth stone images in human form from land formerly inhabited by the native peoples. With little access to the records of the 16th and 17th centuries, debate and speculation abounded by the public and scholars alike concerning their origin and meaning.During the last twenty years the authors have researched over 88 possible examples of southeastern Mississippian stone statuary, dating as far back as 1,000...

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In science, valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom, which are important in determining how the atom reacts chemically with other atoms. Atoms with a complete shell of valence electrons (corresponding to an electron configuration s2p6) tend to be chemically inert. Atoms with one or two valence electrons more than a closed shell are highly reactive because the extra electrons are easily removed to form positive ions. Atoms with one or two valence electrons less than a closed shell are also highly reactive because of a tendency either to gain the missing electrons and form negative ions, or to share electrons and form covalent bonds.

Chapters: Three Crosses, AukA?tojas Hill, KepaluA?kalnis, Rambynas, JuozapinA? Hill, KruopinA? Hill, Olando KepurA?. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 24. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Three Crosses (Lithuanian: ) is a monument in Vilnius, Lithuania, designed by Polish-Lithuanian architect and sculptor Antoni Wiwulski in 1916. It was torn down in 1950 by order of the Soviet Union authorities. A new monument designed by Henrikas ilgalis was erected in its place in 1989. It was constructed in Kalnai Park on the Hill of Three Crosses (alternatively, the Bleak Hill Lithuanian: ) in 1916, in the place where the three wooden crosses used to stand at least since 1636. The wooden crosses collapsed in 1869 and tsarist authorities did not allow for them to be rebuilt. The new monument by Antoni Wiwulski was covertly erected in 1916. It was blown up...

Stephen F. Bush

A highly useful resource for professionals and students alike, this cutting-edge, first-of-its-kind book provides a thorough introduction to nanoscale communication networks. Written in a clear tutorial style, this volume covers a wide range of the most important topics in the area, from molecular communication and carbon nanotube nano-networks, to nanoscale quantum networking and the future direction of nano networks. Moreover, the book features numerous exercise problems at the end of each chapter to ensure a solid understanding of the material.

Laurier L. Schramm

An indispensable reference for professionals and students alike Dictionary of Colloid and Interface Science includes more than 300 terms, with tables, references, and a biographical section that puts important developments in colloid and interface science into historical perspective. This dictionary is appropriate for professionals and students alike, and proves itself to be a ready reference for navigating the colloidal and interfacial literature. A valuable working resource for chemists and chemical engineers, Dictionary of Colloid and Interface Science contains: ? Concise definitions of key terms in colloid and interface science and their synonyms, abbreviations, and acronyms ? Key equations and constants ? Important named colloids and phenomena ? Profiles of over 60 major names in colloid and interface science

Fred T. Jane

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Ronald P. Danner

Created for engineers and students working with pure polymers and polymer solutions, this handbook provides up–to–date, easy to use methods to obtain specific volumes and phase equilibrium data.

Emmett Velten

Focusing on Albert Ellis's formulation of the key concepts of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, the original form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, this unconventional biography describes how the techniques he devised to deal with his personal problems, such as severe illnesses, stage fright, and pathological shyness, directly affected his professional theories and techniques. Also covered are Ellis's decades-long struggles to promote his theories and the tremendous resistance to those theories in the psychological and psychiatric establishments. Ellis's revolutionary political activites as a young man are described at length, as well as his famous feud with Ayn Rand, his numerous contributions to the field of sexology, his courageous battles in the 1950s and 1960s against the forces of sexual repression, and his relationships with such notable figures as Alfred Kinsey, Lenny Bruce, and Paul Kantner.